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Research

Research Library

Research on AI and labor displacement from academics, scientists, economists, AI labs, and policy scholars. All perspectives represented. The outlook gauge reflects the aggregate tone of the research, not editorial balance.

Research Outlook

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PessimisticOptimistic

Score: 0 = most pessimistic, 100 = most optimistic. The gauge reflects the aggregate tone of the resources in the library, not editorial balance.

Core methodologies

The three published AI exposure methodologies used in our composite scores. Pinned here for quick reference.

Peer-reviewed

How will Language Modelers like ChatGPT Affect Occupations and Industries?

Edward W. Felten, Manav Raj, Robert Seamans
Woodrow Wilson International Center · 2023

What it measures: AI exposure at the occupation and industry level using an AIOE index that maps AI capabilities to O*NET task descriptions.

What it doesn't: Does not predict actual job losses (displacement) — only task-level exposure. Coverage limited to 774 SOC codes.

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Working paper

GPTs are GPTs: Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models

Tyna Eloundou, Sam Manning, Pamela Mishkin, Daniel Rock
2023

What it measures: LLM exposure across all O*NET occupations, scoring both exposure with and without access to complementary tools.

What it doesn't: Does not model timing or magnitude of displacement. Exposure scores are proxies, not predictions.

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Working paper

Generative AI and Finance

Andrea L. Eisfeldt, Gregor Schubert
2025

What it measures: Firm-level and occupation-level exposure to generative AI, using a task-based methodology grounded in O*NET work activities.

What it doesn't: Focused on finance sector; broader generalization requires extrapolation. Does not predict employment outcomes.

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Start here: essential reads

Key articles to understand AI's impact on labor — start with these before browsing the full library.

Optimistic · Academic research

The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot

Peng et al.
MIT/Harvard · 2023
Optimistic · Academic research

Generative AI at Work

Brynjolfsson, Li, Raymond
Stanford/NBER · 2023
Neutral · Academic research

Labor Market Effects of AI: Evidence from Occupational Exposure Data

Felten, Raj, Seamans
Cornell/CMU · 2023
Neutral · Academic research

AI and the Transformation of Work

Acemoglu, Restrepo
NBER · 2023
Pessimistic · Policy

The Future of Work: AI and the Labor Market

Korinek, Stiglitz
NBER · 2023
Neutral · Policy

AI, Skills, and the Future of Work

OECD
OECD · 2023

Research by indicator

Each dashboard indicator links to the research behind it. The plain-language name is first; the registry ID (used for deep links) is kept as a small secondary label.

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Recent articles from the research database. The full filterable version — by perspective, theme, citation grade, and occupation — is on the v1 Research Library.

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About the Dashboard

The AI Labor Displacement Dashboard tracks public labor-market data and published AI-exposure research to provide a real-time, evidence-based view of how AI is affecting the US workforce.

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